Communication systems and method

ABSTRACT

Users can make landline, wireless and/or internet calls from a conventional landline communication device. If the communication device is on a wireless call, that call may be placed on hold to answer an incoming call on the landline. Likewise, if the communication device is on a landline call, that call may be placed on hold to answer an incoming call on the wireless telephone. Wireless and landline calls may also be conferenced together.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/359,277,filed Feb. 6, 2003, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. Section119(e) of provisional Application No. 60/394,283, filed Jul. 9, 2002.The contents of each of these application are incorporated herein intheir entirety.

BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This application generally relates to communication systems and methodsand, more particularly, to such systems and methods in whichcommunication devices for the conventional Public Switched TelephoneNetwork (PSTN) may be interfaced with other communication networks suchas wireless communication networks and the Internet.

The use of cellular telephones has dramatically increased, resulting inmany individuals having at least two different telephones: aconventional landline telephone for home use and a cellular telephonefor use away from home or for business. Cellular service providers(CSPs) now offer low-cost calling plans to attract new customers andretain current customers. Eventually, CSPs are likely to offer callingplans (e.g., unlimited nationwide calling) at rates that cause users toconsider whether they have any need to subscribe to local telephonecompanies for telephone services.

Despite the fact that many cellular phone users can make unlimited longdistance calls on nights and weekends, it is still an underused feature.In some cases, the under-usage is because many cellular phone users areunable to receive a signal strong enough to make cellular phone callsfrom their homes. In addition, cellular phones are not designed tomaintain long conversations (e.g., greater than 30-minutes) due toover-heating. The ergonomic design and limited battery life of cellularphones further discourages their prolonged use.

In one example embodiment of the communication systems and methodsdescribed herein, users can make wireless telephone calls from aconventional landline communication device connected via interfacecircuitry to a single ring tip line pair. The communication device maybe any communication device that is ordinarily configured forcommunication over a landline such as a telephone, a computer system, aset-top box, a personal video recording device, etc. The interfacecircuitry is also connected to a wireless communication device. Amongother things, the interface circuitry permits both landline calls andwireless calls to be placed and received using the landlinecommunication device. Other communication devices connected to the samelandline may be used to place and receive landline calls even if thelandline communication device is being used to place or receive awireless call. The interface circuitry is configured so that if thelandline communication device is on a wireless call, that call may beplaced on hold to answer an incoming landline call. Likewise, if thelandline communication device is on a landline call, that call may beplaced on hold to answer an incoming wireless call. Landline andwireless calls may also be conference together. In one exampleembodiment, the system may be provided with a very sensitive andpowerful wireless transceiver that permits the capture and transmissionof wireless signals. Although such a transceiver is not required, such afeature if provided extends the communication range of the wirelesscommunication device that is connected thereto.

In an illustrative implementation, upon receipt of an incoming wirelesscall, the interface circuitry automatically and distinctively rings thelandline communication device connected thereto. If the landlinecommunication device is answered, the interface circuitry establishes anaudio path between the wireless communication device and the landlinecommunication device. If the user wishes to place a wireless call usingthe landline communication device, the user picks up the telephone,dials the number of the called party, and then enters a predeterminedwireless call code. The interface circuitry provides the number to thewireless communication device, which then dials the number (bypassingthe local telephone company). To place a landline call, the user entersa predetermined landline call code that is recognized by the interfacecircuitry. The communication device is connected to the PSTN and thecall may then be placed through the PSTN.

The system can provide wireless connectivity to personal computers,facsimile machines, printers and other computer and electronic devices.Such wireless connectivity allows the system to take advantage of thirdgeneration (3G) cellular networks and systems. For example, if thesystem received video information or text data, the information can besent to a television screen, computer monitor, printer, facsimilemachine and the like.

In accordance with another example embodiment of the communicationsystems and methods described herein, a communication system includes acaller ID (CID)-enabled landline communication device and interfacecircuitry connected to a ring-tip line pair and to a wirelesscommunication device. The interface circuitry includes a memory and aprocessing circuit for transferring data from the wireless communicationdevice to the memory, selectively reading out the contents of the memoryin response to inputs from a user requesting display of the contents,and transferring the read-out memory contents to the communicationdevice using a CID protocol. In one illustrative implementation, theread-out data comprises names and telephone numbers. In this case, theinputs from the user may be used to dial a displayed number and/or readout a next or previous name and telephone number. The inputs from theuser may also be used to access names beginning with certain letters.

These and other features and advantages provided by the invention willbe better and more completely understood by referring to the followingdetailed description of presently preferred embodiments in conjunctionwith the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a generalized block diagram of an example communication system100;

FIG. 2A is a circuit block diagram of one example of interface circuitry106;

FIG. 2B is a detailed schematic showing the interconnections of thevarious switches in the example interface circuitry 106 shown in FIG.2A;

FIG. 3 is a table summarizing the states of the switches in the exampleinterface circuitry 106 shown in FIG. 2A for various functions andoperations;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a example arrangement for practicallyimplementing the system discussed with respect to FIG. 1;

FIGS. 5A-5L are flowcharts showing various example routines for theinterface circuitry 106; FIG. 5A is a flowchart showing an illustrativeMain Loop; FIG. 5B is a flowchart showing an illustrative Off-Hookroutine; FIG. 5C is a flowchart showing an illustrative Incoming CellCall routine; FIG. 5D is a flowchart showing an illustrative IncomingLandline Call routine; FIG. 5E is a flowchart showing an illustrativeOutgoing Call routine; FIG. 5F is a flowchart showing an illustrativePhone On-Hook Routine; FIG. 5G is a flowchart showing an illustrativeOutgoing Landline Call routine; FIG. 5H is a flowchart showing anillustrative Flash Button Pressed routine; FIG. 5I is a flowchartshowing an illustrative Outgoing Cell Call routine; FIG. 5J is aflowchart showing an illustrative Incoming Calls Check routine; FIG. 5Kis a flowchart showing an illustrative Call Waiting routine; and FIG. 5Lis a flowchart showing an illustrative Ten Second Timer routine;

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of an example implementation ofinterface circuitry;

FIGS. 7A-7F are flowcharts illustrating example operations involving theinterface circuitry shown in FIG. 6; FIG. 7A shows example operationsthat occur when the telephone goes into the off-hook state; FIG. 7Bshows example operations that occur at the end of all calls; FIG. 7Cshows example operations that occur when a cell call is received whilethe user is on a landline call; FIGS. 7D and 7E show example operationsthat occur when a landline call is received while the user is on a cellcall; and FIG. 7F shows example operations that occur when there is anincoming call;

FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of another example of interfacecircuitry 106; and

FIG. 9 shows components involved in making an internet call.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a generalized block diagram of an example communication system100. Communication system 100 includes a communication device 102connected via interface circuitry 106 to a ring-tip line pair 104 forlandline calls over the PSTN 105. As is well-known, PSTN 105 includes ahierarchy of telephony switching offices. For example, individualsubscribers are connected to a nearby telephone exchange, sometimesreferred to as an end office or switching office; the switching officeis connected to a local central office; the local central office isconnected to a toll office; the toll office is connected to a primarytelephony center; and the primary telephony center is connected to asectional telephony center. Sectional telephony centers are connected toregional telephony centers, which typically are the highest level in thePSTN 105 switching hierarchy. Other communication devices 110 may alsobe connected to line pair 104. The communication devices 102, 110 may beany communication devices that are configured for communication overPSTN 105 such as telephones, computer systems, facsimile machines,set-top boxes, personal video recording devices, etc.

Interface circuitry 106 is also connected to a wireless communicationdevice 108 for a wireless communication network 107. Wirelesscommunication network 107 may be for any conventional wireless servicesuch as analog advanced mobile phone service (AMPS), digital advancedmobile phone service (D-AMPS), global system for mobile communications(GSM), personal communication service (PCS), satellite service(including low earth-orbiting satellites), specialized mobile radio(SMR), and cellular digital packet data (CDPD). A cellular communicationnetwork, for example, is made up of cells, each of which includes atleast radio transmitter/receiver with which a cellular communicationdevice can communicate. Under the control of a switching office, theradio transmitter/receiver with which the cellular communication devicecommunicates changes as the cellular communication device moves from onecell to another. Example cellular communication devices include cellulartelephones and cellular personal digital assistants (PDAs). In thefollowing description, communication devices 102 and 108 are sometimesreferred to as telephones. However, use of the term “telephone” in aparticular instance is not intended to exclude the possibility of usingother communication devices.

Among other things, interface circuitry 106 permits both landline callsvia PSTN 105 and wireless calls via wireless communication network 107to be placed and received using communication device 102. The othercommunication devices 110 connected to the same landline 104 ascommunication device 102 may be used for landline calls even ifcommunication device 102 is being used to place or receive a wirelesscall because, during a wireless call, communication device 102 isphysically disconnected from landline 104 and is connected to thewireless communication device 108 via interface circuitry 106. As willbe discussed in greater detail below, the interface circuitry isconfigured so that if communication device 102 is engaged in a wirelesscall, that wireless call may be placed on hold to answer an incominglandline call via PSTN 105. Likewise, if the communication device 102 isengaged in a landline call, that landline call may be placed on hold toanswer an incoming wireless call via wireless communication network 107.Wireless and landline calls can also be conferenced together.

Communication system 100 may also include other devices 109 connected tointerface circuitry 106. For example, such devices may be output devicesfor outputting information received via the wireless communicationsystem. These devices may include a television, a monitor, a facsimilemachine, a printer and the like.

To make a call over PSTN 105 from communication device 102, a user firstinputs a predetermined code (e.g., “#”) to the communication device. Forexample, if the communication device is a telephone, the user may presscertain buttons on the keypad of the telephone. Among other things, thiscode results in interface circuitry 106 connecting communication device102 to line pair 104. Thereafter, the user can simply dial the number ofthe called party. To make a call over the wireless communication networkfrom communication device 102, the user simply dials the number of thecalled party and enters a predetermined code (e.g., “#”) when dialing isfinished. When the predetermined code is entered at the end of thecalled party's number, interface circuitry 106 provides the dialednumber to the wireless communication device which then dials the numberto place the call.

As an alternative or in addition to determining how to place a callbased on the inputting of predetermined codes, the interface circuitrymay automatically determine whether to place a call from communicationdevice 102 via PSTN 105 or wireless communication network 107. Forexample, if one of the other communication devices 110 is already on alandline call, interface circuitry 106 may detect this condition andautomatically place any call from communication device 102 over wirelesscommunication network 107 using wireless communication device 108.Interface circuitry 106 may also determine whether to place a particularcall from communication device 102 over PSTN 105 or over wirelesscommunication network 107. This determination may, by way ofillustration, be based on cost. For example, some monthly cellulartelephone plans provide for low cost long-distance calls at certaintimes such as evenings and weekends. If wireless communication device108 is a cellular telephone connected to a cellular telephone network,interface circuitry 106 may therefore be configured with intelligence(e.g., real time clock to determine time that a call is placed, a memorystoring calling rates, etc.) to place long distance calls fromcommunication device 102 over the cellular communication network via thecellular telephone at these times.

FIG. 2A is a circuit block diagram of one example of interface circuitry106. In FIG. 2A, wireless communication device 108 is a cellular deviceand wireless network 107 is a cellular network. It will of course beappreciated that the following description is applicable to any of thewireless devices and services mentioned above. Line pair 104 provides DCcurrent (e.g., to power electronics of the communication device 102), ACcurrent to ring the telephone bell, and a full duplex communicationpath. A hold circuit 11 is selectively connected via a hold switch 12across the tip-ring pair to place a call on hold without disconnectingthe call. Hold circuit 11 may, for example, comprise a 350-ohm resistor.Communication device 102 is connected to line pair 104 via first andsecond switches 30, 32.

The interface circuitry also includes a ringing Subscriber LineInterface Circuit (SLIC) 20 that performs a variety of functions.Ringing SLIC 20 detects and decodes Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)codes generated by communication device 102 and communicates these codesto Digital Signal Processor (DSP) 22. Ringing SLIC 20 creates andgenerates standard and custom telephone signals and tones such as busysignals, dial tones, and the like, and also rings the communicationdevice 102 when there is an incoming call from PSTN 105 or cellularcommunication network 107. Specifically, DAA 36 detects incoming callsvia line pair 104 and provides an incoming landline call signal to DSP22. In response to this signal, DSP 22 causes ringing SLIC 20 to ringcommunication device 102. Similarly, DSP 22 detects incoming calls tocellular communication device 108 via its connection thereto over bus48. In response to this detection, DSP 22 causes ringing SLIC 20 to ringcommunication device 102. Ringing SLIC 20 may provide different rings todistinguish between incoming cellular and landline calls. Ringing SLIC20 also generates analog signals used, for example, to send informationsuch as CID (Caller ID) data to communication device 102. In addition,because communication device 102 is only selectively connected to linepair 104, an integrated DC-DC converter of ringing SLIC 20 is used topower the communication device. Thus, for example, if the communicationdevice is a telephone, a user is able to press buttons on the telephoneeven though the telephone is not connected to the landline 104. This isdesirable because during a cellular call, the telephone needs anexternal power supply. As noted above, such power is provided by linepair 104 during a landline call. Ringing SLIC 20 also performs on-hookand off-hook detection and generates on-hook and off-hook detectionsignals that are provided to DSP 22 in response to these detections.On-hook refers to the state in which the communication device is notbeing used such as when a telephone handset is placed on the cradle.Off-hook is the state when the communication device is in use such aswhen a telephone handset is removed from the cradle, releasing the hookswitch. Ringing SLIC 20 performs serial communication by sending dataover a bus 44 to DSP 22 using a standard communication protocol such as4-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol. Bus 44 is used tosend status information (on-hook, off-hook, ringing, etc) to DSP 22, andDSP 22 uses bus 44 to send commands and retrieve information fromringing SLIC 20.

DSP 22 is the central processor of interface circuitry 106 and controlsall the functions thereof. For example, DSP 22 is connected via bus 48to the external data connector of the cellular communication device 108.DSP 22 can control the functions of the cellular telephone (e.g.,dialing, answering incoming calls, ending calls, power on/off, etc.) viacommands sent over bus 48. Software is programmed into DSP 22 and/or isaccessible from memory 42 to implement the various functions describedherein. While a DSP is used as a control circuit in the exampleembodiment, it will be appreciated that various other types of controlcircuits including microprocessors, microcontrollers, logic circuits,application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable arraylogic, etc. and combinations thereof may be used to implement some orall of the functions described herein.

DAA 36 is an analog interface to line pair 104 whose primary function isto monitor the voltage/current of line pair 104 and to detect incominglandline calls. DAA 36 is connected to DSP 22 via a bi-directionalserial communication line 46 and communicates with DSP 22 when certainevents occur such as an incoming landline call. DAA 36 detects incomingCID information, functions as a data modem, and may be provided withprotocol stacks for applications such as internet access (e.g., dial-up)and voice-over-IP. The DAA has analog-to-digital converters forconverting the analog audio signal from line pair 104 to a digitalstream that is sent to DSP 22 and digital-to-analog converters forconverting digital audio from DSP 22 to analog audio signals that areoutput to line pair 104. DAA 36 complies with the telephone standard ofmany countries. 2-to-4-wire (hybrid) converter 40 is a line interfaceprovided between communication device 102 and cellular communicationdevice 108 for, among other things, providing line impedance matchingand 2-to-4 wire conversion. Converter 40 permits communication device102 to send/receive audio to/from cellular communication device 108.

The example interface circuitry shown in FIG. 2A includes variousswitches to connect/disconnect elements from each other. These switchesare controlled by DSP 22. For ease of illustration, the connectionsbetween DSP 22 and the switches are not shown in FIG. 2A. Although theseswitches are shown in FIG. 2A as hardware switches, the switching may infact be implemented in software as discussed in detail below withreference to FIG. 8. First switch 30 is used to disconnect communicationdevice 102 from line pair 104 to reduce the possibility of the userhearing noise if the user is on a cellular call and there is an incominglandline call, or if someone is on another extension in the home oroffice. First switch 30 is used in conjunction with third switch 34 toallow calls to be placed from communication device 102 either via PSTN105 or cellular communication network 107. Second switch 32 is used toselectively connect/disconnect DAA 36 to line pair 104. This arrangementallows DAA 36 to monitor all activity of line pair 104 (i.e., incomingcalls, line voltages, etc). Second switch 32 is used in conjunction withhold switch 12 to place a landline call on hold without disconnectingit. Third switch 34 is used to disconnect communication device 102 fromringing SLIC 20 during a landline call. This avoids damage to ringingSLIC 20 when the communication device 102 is being used in landline mode(e.g., placing or receiving a landline call). Hold switch 12 selectivelyconnects a 350-ohm resister of hold circuit 11 across the line pair 104and permits a call to be placed on hold without the call beingdisconnected by the local phone company. Finally, audio switch 38switches the audio path between cellular communication device 108 andcommunication device 102 on and off. Audio switch 38 allows the systemto place a cellular call on hold, while the user answers a landline callduring a call-waiting situation. If desired, audio switch 38 may beomitted and a mute function of converter 40 may be used to performfunctions similar to those of audio switch 38.

To make a call over PSTN 105, the user first places communication device102 in the off-hook state. Ringing SLIC 20 detects this off-hook stateand sends an off-hook signal to DSP 22. In response to the off-hooksignal, DSP 22 closes second switch 32 and third switch 34, and opensfirst switch 30, audio switch 38 and hold switch 12. The user thenpresses the # button. Ringing SLIC 20 detects this button press andsends the # button press code to DSP 22. In response to the # buttonpress code, DSP 22 connects communication device 102 to line pair 104 bycontrolling the various switches so that first and second switches 30,32 are closed and third switch 34, hold switch 12 and audio switch 38are open. The user then dials a telephone number to place a call overPSTN 105. If the called party answers, communication such asconversation may begin. If the called party does not answer, the callingparty hangs up and communication device 102 is then in an on-hook state.

To make a call over cellular communication network 107 via cellularcommunication device 108, the user again places communication device 102in the off-hook state. Ringing SLIC 20 detects this off-hook state andsends an off-hook signal to DSP 22. In response to the off-hook signal,DSP 22 closes second and third switches 32, 34 and opens first switch30, audio switch 38 and hold switch 12. The user then dials the desiredtelephone number, which is detected and decoded by ringing SLIC 20 andforwarded to DSP 22. When the user presses “#” after entering thetelephone number, DSP 22 closes audio switch 38 and then communicatesthe telephone number over bus 48 to cellular communication device 108,which thereafter dials the number. DSP 22 may, for example, use RS232protocol at 9600 baud to communicate over bus 48 with the cellulartelephone, although other protocols may readily be utilized. Becauseaudio switch 38 is closed, an audio path is provided between cellularcommunication device 108 and communication device 102. If the calledparty answers, communication such as conversation may begin. If thecalled party does not answer, the calling party hangs up andcommunication device 102 is then in an on-hook state. Ringing SLIC 20detects the on-hook state and sends an on-hook signal to DSP 22. DSP 22thereafter ends the cellular call and disconnects communication device102 from cellular communication device 108 by opening audio switch 38.

In the above-described implementation, the interface circuitry connectsthe communication device 102 for a PSTN call in response to the input ofa predetermined code before the user enters a telephone number andconnects the communication device for a wireless network call inresponse to the input of a predetermined code after the user enters atelephone number. Of course, it will be readily appreciated that theinterface circuitry may be configured to connect the communicationdevice for a wireless call in response to the input of a predeterminedcode before the user enters a telephone number and to connect thecommunication device for a PSTN call in response to the input of apredetermined code after the user enters a telephone number.

FIG. 2B is a detailed schematic showing the interconnections of thevarious switches in the example interface circuitry 106 shown in FIG.2A. As discussed above, DSP 22 controls the switches in order to performvarious functions and operations. A first switch configuration is usedwhen placing or receiving a call via PSTN 105. In this configuration,first and second switches 30A, 30B, 32A, 32B are closed and third switch34A, 34B; hold switch 12A, 12B; and audio switch 38A, 38B are open. Inthis first switch configuration, communication device 102 is connectedvia closed first and second switches 30, 32 to line pair 104. Audioswitch 38 is open to disconnect communication device 102 from thecellular communication device 108. Because communication device 102receives power from line pair 104, third switch 34 is also open. Asecond switch configuration is used when placing or receiving a call viacellular communication network 107. In this second configuration, firstswitch 30A, 30B and hold switch 12A, 12B are open. Second and thirdswitches 32A, 32B, 34A, 34B and the audio switch 38A, 38B are closed.Closing switch 32A, 32B allows DAA 36 to detect incoming calls via PSTN105 when the communication device 102 is being used for a cellular call.A third switch configuration is for the on-hook state (i.e., whencommunication device 102 is not being used to place or receive alandline or a cellular call). In this third configuration, first switch30A, 30B; hold switch 12A, 12B; and audio switch 38A, 38B are open.Second and third switches 32A, 32B, 34A, 34B are closed.

To place a landline call on hold and connect to a cellular call, switch12A, 12B is closed and the second switch configuration is then utilized.To place a cellular call on hold and connect to an incoming landlinecall, the first switch configuration is utilized. Thus, the user hascall waiting between landline and cellular calls and the user can pressthe flash button on their phone to activate this feature (i.e., placethe landline call on hold, and answer incoming cellular call or viceversa) when they hear the special call waiting tone. If the user doesnot subscribe to call waiting, there is a possibility that during a callwaiting event (e.g., the user is on a landline call, and there is anincoming cellular call), when the user presses the flash button, thelocal telephone company will see this flash event and disconnect thelandline call. This is because when the flash button is pressed thetelephone goes in the on-hook state for 300-700 ms and then goes backinto the off-hook state. In short, if the user does not subscribe to acall waiting service, the phone company may disconnect the landline callwhen the flash button is pressed. To circumvent this problem, the flashbutton is re-mapped to another button on the telephone such as the “*’button. In this case, during a call waiting event (as described above)the user presses the “*” button instead of the flash button on his/hertelephone. The telephone company will know that the “*” button ispressed, but this press will be ignored. On the other hand, because theinterface circuitry can detect an incoming call, when it detects thatthe “*” button is pressed during a call waiting event, the system placesthe landline call on hold, and connects the user to the cellular call.This flash functionality can also be provided using a dedicated flashbutton. Call conferencing between cellular and landline calls may beaccomplished in response to an appropriate user input by closing audioswitch 38 and placing the other switches in the same configuration asfor a landline call (i.e., the first switch configuration describedabove).

FIG. 3 is a table summarizing the states of the switches in the exampleinterface circuitry 106 shown in FIG. 2A for various representativefunctions and operations.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an example arrangement for practicallyimplementing the system discussed with respect to FIG. 1. While thisexample arrangement shows the system components provided in anintegrated manner, the invention is not limited in this respect. Forexample, the interface circuitry may be physically separate from thecommunication device and connected between the line pair and thecommunication device. The arrangement shown in FIG. 4 includes atelephone handset 202 received in a cradle 203 of a base unit 204. Baseunit 204 is connected (not shown) to line pair 104 (see FIG. 2A) and toa power outlet (not shown). Handset 202 and base unit 204 are configuredfor cordless communication using antennas 205 and 206 as is well knownin the art. The handset includes a microphone 207, a speaker 208, and akeypad 209 that can be used, for example, to place and receive calls.Keypad 209 includes numeric keys 1-9, a “*” key, a “#” key and threefunction keys. The function keys may include a flash button, a mutebutton, a hold button, an answering machine button, and the like.Handset 202 may also include a display 210 such as a liquid crystaldisplay. Various arrangements of keypad 209 and display 210 may be usedand the invention is not limited in this respect.

Base unit 204 includes a speaker 211, a microphone 212 and a keypad 213that can be used, for example, to place and receive calls without usingthe handset. Base unit 204 also includes a cradle 214 with connector215, which includes electrical contacts for electrically connecting thebase unit to the data connector of a cellular telephone 220. Because theelectrical connectors of cellular telephones typically differ frommanufacturer to manufacturer (and even within models from the samemanufacturer), FIG. 4 shows cellular telephone 220 connected to baseunit 204 via an adapter 217 that “adapts” the electrical connectorconfiguration of the cellular phone to the electrical connectorconfiguration of base unit 204. Of course, it will be readily apparentthat the systems and methods described herein are not in any way limitedto an arrangement in which an adapter is required to connect thecellular telephone to the base unit. For example, different base unitsmay be provided with electrical connectors that are specific to aparticular manufacturer or even a particular model. In this case, thecellular telephone may be directly inserted into cradle 214. Of course,the advantage of an adapter is that a single base unit with a universalelectrical connector may be used, provided adapters are used that“adapt” the particular electrical connector configuration of differentcellular telephones to the universal connector configuration of the baseunit.

Interface circuitry 106 is incorporated within base unit 204. Theinterface circuitry may include RF circuitry (not shown) for improvingthe range of the cellular telephone 220, for example, by boosting thepower of the transmitted cellular signals and by improving the cellularsignal levels that can be detected using an antenna 218. This RFcircuitry may be connected to the cellular telephone via the cellulartelephone's external antenna connector (not shown).

As explained above, interface circuitry 106, among other things, permitsboth landline calls and cellular calls to be placed and received usingthe handset 202. To place a wireless call, the user takes the handset202 off-hook, enters the telephone number of the called party, andenters “#” (or some other code) after entering the telephone number. Ifdesired, the cellular signals are communicated via the aforementioned RFcircuitry. If the called party answers, audio is communicated betweenthe user and the called party via an audio path within the interfacecircuitry. To place a PSTN call, the user first enters “#” (or someother code). The interface circuitry recognizes this code as indicatingthat the user wishes to place a PSTN call. The switches within theinterface circuitry are then controlled so that handset 202 is connectedto line pair 104 and the user can then dial the number of a called partyand place the call over the PSTN.

Because DSP 22 is typically configured (or may be easily configured)with the appropriate protocol stacks for Internet access, the user ofthe systems and methods described herein has the ability of making threetypes of calls when communication device 102 goes off-hook: landline,wireless and internet (IP). The called party does not have to have thesystem described herein to receive such calls. In what follows, the useris assumed to have a dialup connection, although other connections suchas broadband connections can also be used.

With reference to FIG. 9, ISP's typically have local servers/voicegateways 802 located in major cities throughout the United States andother countries. Interface circuitry 106 connects to an ISP 804 over alandline 806 of the PSTN. The user's voice is digitized by the ringingSLIC 20, packetized by DSP 22, and communication is established over theinternet 808 with a local server/voice gateway 802 that corresponds tothe area code and local exchange of the called party. The local serverthen places a local call to the called party's number over the PSTN and,if the called party answers, a communication link is thereby establishedbetween the interface circuitry 106 and the called party. The voicegateway converts digital audio from the server and injects it onto thetelephone line to the called party. The voice gateway converts analogaudio from the called party to digital data, encapsulates it andcommunicates it to the server, which in turn, forwards the data to theinterface circuitry over the internet. Interface circuitry 106 convertsthe digital data to an analog signal, which can be heard by the callingparty.

More specifically, to place a voice-over-IP (VOIP) call, the user liftshandset, and presses a predetermined internet call code, which placesthe interface circuitry into an IP call mode. Under the control of DSP22, DAA 36 dials and connects to the user's ISP. When this connection isestablished, the user is provided with a confirmation tone, whichindicates that a call may now be placed. The user then dials the numberhe/she wishes to call (e.g., 410-555-5555). When interface circuitry 106detects the DTMF button presses, it decodes the area code (in this case,the area code for Maryland) and decodes the local exchange “555” whichwill be assumed to be for Columbia, Md. Then, interface circuitry 106sends signal via ISP 804 to a local server/voice gateway that is locatedin that local exchange (i.e., Columbia, Md.). When communication isestablished with the local server/voice gateway, an instruction is sentwhich instructs the local server to dial the following number of thecalled party (i.e., 410-555-5555). The voice (PSTN) gateway of the localserver places the call to called party's number. When the call isanswered, the gateway acts as the interface between the PSTN call andthe IP call. Incoming internet calls to interface circuitry 106 would bethe same as receiving a normal landline call because the call would beplaced by a local server/voice gateway.

DSP 22 of interface circuitry 106 executes software stored in internalmemory and/or in an external memory accessible thereto (such as memory42). This memory may be read-only memory, read/write memory or somecombination thereof and may be volatile and/or non-volatile. Generallyspeaking, the operations described below may be implemented in hardware,firmware and/or software. In the example embodiment of interfacecircuitry 106 shown in FIG. 2A, the operations are implemented usingsoftware. The data and instructions for this software are stored in astorage medium such as memory 42 that is accessible to DSP 22. DSP 22executes these instructions in response to various signals suppliedthereto such as on-hook signals, off-signals, and the like. For purposesof the FIG. 5 discussion below, communication device 102 is a telephone.However, as noted above, the invention is not limited in this respect.

FIGS. 5A-5L are flowcharts showing various example routines for theinterface circuitry 106. The program including these routines may beimplemented, for example, using an event-driven state machine. After anevent is handled, the state machine enters a “do-nothing” state untilanother event occurs. At the end of a routine, control generally returnsto the calling routine. For example, if routine A calls routine B,control returns to routine A when routine B ends.

FIG. 5A is a flowchart showing an illustrative Main Loop. At ST, 1150, acheck is made for incoming landline and cell calls. At ST 1151, a checkof hook switch status is made and at ST 1152 a check is made for DTMFkeypresses. The routine then returns to ST 1150.

FIG. 5B is a flowchart showing an illustrative Off-Hook routine. Thisroutine is initiated when communication device 102 goes into theoff-hook state. For example, the off-hook state may precede the placingor answering of a call or going to a call on hold. The off-hook state isdetected by ringing SLIC 20, which provides an off-hook signal to DSP22. In response to the off-hook signal, DSP 22 executes the Off-Hookroutine. At ST 1001, the routine determines whether there is an incomingcell call. If so, the Incoming Cell Call routine (see FIG. 5C) isentered at ST 1002. If not, the routine proceeds to ST 1003 where adetermination is made as to whether there is an incoming landline call.If there is an incoming landline call, the Incoming Landline Callroutine (see FIG. 5D) is entered at ST 1004. If there is no incominglandline call, the routine continues to ST 1005 where a determination ismade as to whether the user is on a call. If the user is not on a call,the Outgoing Call routine (see FIG. 5E) is entered at ST 1007. If theuser is on a call, the routine determines at ST 1006 whether a touchtonebutton is pressed. If no touchtone button is pressed, the Off-Hookroutine ends. If a determination is made at ST 1006 that a touchtonebutton has been pressed, the routine determines at ST 1008 whether theflash button is pressed. If the flash button has been pressed, the FlashButton Pressed routine (see FIG. 5H) is entered at ST 1009. If not, theOff-Hook routine ends.

FIG. 5C is a flowchart showing an illustrative Incoming Cell Callroutine. This routine is accessed, for example, from the Off-Hookroutine of FIG. 5B (i.e., the user has picked up the telephone) when adetermination is made that there is an incoming cell call. At ST 1010,the ringing of telephone 102 generated in response to the incoming cellcall is stopped. An answer call command is sent to cellular telephone108 (ST 1011) and an on cell-call flag is set (ST 1012). Thereafter, theroutine ends.

FIG. 5D is a flowchart showing an illustrative Incoming Landline Callroutine. This routine is accessed, for example, from the Off-Hookroutine of FIG. 5B (i.e., the user has picked up the telephone) when adetermination is made that there is an incoming landline call. At ST1020, the ringing of telephone 102 generated in response to the incominglandline call is stopped. Next, at ST 1021, third switch 34 and theaudio switch 38 are opened, and first switch 30 is closed. An onlandline call flag is then set at ST 1022. Thereafter, the routine ends.

FIG. 5E is a flowchart showing an illustrative Outgoing Call routine.This routine is accessed, for example, from the Off-Hook routine of FIG.5B (i.e., the user has picked up the telephone) when determinations aremade that there is no incoming landline or cellular call and that theuser is not currently on a call. At ST 1030, second and third switches32, 34 are closed and first switch 30, audio switch 38 and hold switch12 are opened. A determination is made at ST 1031 (which is also theentry point of the DTMF button press check routine) as to whether thephone on-hook flag is set. If so, the routine proceeds to ST 1032 wherethe Phone On-Hook (see FIG. 5F) routine is carried out. If not, adetermination is made at ST 1033 as to whether a touchtone button hasbeen pressed. If no touchtone button has been pressed, the routine ends.If a touchtone button has been pressed, the routine proceeds to ST 1034where a determination is made as to whether a predetermined key has beenpressed. For purposes of the discussion herein, the predetermined keywill be the “#” key, although the invention is not limited in thisrespect. If the “#” key has not been pressed, the routine continues toST 1035 where the key that was pressed is stored in memory. The routinethen ends. If the “#” key has been pressed, the routine continues to ST1036 where a determination is made as to whether the “#” key is thefirst key pressed. If the “#” key is not the first key pressed, theOutgoing Cell Call routine (see FIG. 5I) is entered at ST 1037. If the“#” key is the first key pressed, the Outgoing Landline routine isentered at ST 1038. In short, if the “#” key is pressed before the userenters a telephone number, the communication device is connected to linepair 104 and the user can thereafter enter a telephone number to make alandline call. If the “#” key is pressed after the user enters atelephone number, an outgoing cell call is initiated via cellularcommunication device 108 using the entered telephone number.

FIG. 5F is a flowchart showing an illustrative Phone On-Hook routine. AtST 1040, a determination is made as to whether the user was just on acell call. If not, the routine continues to ST 1042. If so, an “EndCall” command is sent to the cellular telephone at ST 1041 and theroutine thereafter proceeds to ST 1042. At ST 1042, all flags except the“cell call on hold” and “landline call on hold” flags are cleared andthen first switch 30 is opened and second switch 32 is closed at ST1043. The routine then continues to ST 1044 and ST 1045 at which audioswitch 38 is opened and third switch 34 is closed, respectively. Theroutine then checks for incoming calls at ST 1046. A determination ismade at ST 1047 as to whether the cell call on hold flag is set and, ifnot, a determination is made at ST 1048 as to whether the landline callon hold flag is set. If the cell call on hold flag is set, the incomingcell call flag is set at ST 1049 and incoming calls are checked at ST1050. If the landline call on hold flag is set at ST 1048, the incominglandline call flag is set at ST 1051 and incoming calls are checked atST 1050. If the landline call on hold flag is determined not to be setat ST 1048, the routine ends.

FIG. 5G is a flowchart showing an illustrative Outgoing Landline Callroutine. This routine is accessed, for example, from the Outgoing Callroutine of FIG. 5E if a determination is made that a landline call is tobe made. At ST 1060, the routine closes first and second switches 30, 32and opens third switch 34. The routine then continues to ST 1061 atwhich the landline call flag is set. At this point, the communicationdevice is connected to line pair 104 and the user places a landline callin the normal way. Thereafter, the routine ends. While on a landlinecall, keypresses by the user are ignored.

FIG. 5H is a flowchart showing an illustrative Flash Button Pressedroutine. At ST 1070, the routine determines whether the user is on alandline call. If so, the routine proceeds to ST 1071 where adetermination is made as to whether the incoming cell call flag or thecell call on hold flag is set. If so, the routine proceeds to put thelandline call on hold and connect to the cell call (ST 1072) by closinghold switch 12 (ST 1073), opening first switch 30 (ST 1074) and closingthird switch 34 and audio switch 38 (ST 1075). The routine then proceedsto the Incoming Cell Call (see FIG. 5C) at ST 1076. If the incoming cellcall flag and the cell call on hold flags are not set at ST 1071, theroutine then performs a landline flash (ST 1077) by opening secondswitch 32 (ST 1078), waiting 400 milliseconds (ST 1079) and then closingsecond switch 32 (ST 1080). If the routine determines at ST 1070 thatthe user is not on a landline call, the routine proceeds to ST 1081where a determination is made as to whether the incoming landline callflag or the landline call on hold flag is set. If so, the routineproceeds to put the cell call on hold and connect to the landline call(ST 1082) and then goes to the Incoming Landline Call routine (see FIG.5D) at ST 1083. If the incoming landline call flag and the landline callon hold flags are not set at ST 1081, the routine does a cell phoneflash (ST 1084) by sending an answer key command to the cellulartelephone (ST 1085).

FIG. 5I is a flowchart showing an illustrative Outgoing Cell Callroutine. This routine is accessed, for example, from the Outgoing Callroutine of FIG. 5E if a determination is made that a cell call is to bemade. At ST 1090, the routine closes third switch 34 and audio switch38. First switch 30 is opened and second switch 32 is closed at ST 1091.The routine then dials the numbers stored at ST 1035 in FIG. 5E on thecell phone at ST 1092. If dialing is not finished at ST 1093, adetermination is made at ST 1094 as to whether the phone on-hook flag isset. If not, the routine returns to ST 1092 to continue dialing thenumbers on the cell phone. If the on-hook flag is set, the Phone On-Hookroutine (see FIG. 5F) is entered at ST 1095. If the dialing is finishedat ST 1093, the on cell call flag is set (ST 1096) and the routine ends.

FIG. 5J is a flowchart showing an illustrative Incoming Calls Checkroutine. At ST 1100, the routine determines whether there is an incominglandline call or whether the incoming landline call flag is set. Thedetermination of whether there is an incoming landline call is made bychecking the hardware (e.g., the voltages on line pair 104). If eithercondition is satisfied at ST 1100, the routine proceeds to ST 1101 wherea determination is made as to whether the user is on a cell call. If so,the Call Waiting routine (see FIG. 5K) is entered (ST 1102). If the useris not on a cell call, the routine rings the telephone normally, opensfirst switch 30 and closes third switch 34 (ST 1102). The incominglandline call flag is then set at ST 1103 and the routine proceeds to ST1109. If neither condition is satisfied at ST 1100, the routinedetermines whether there is an incoming cell call or whether theincoming cell call flag is set at ST 1104. To determine whether there isan incoming cell call, the signal level on the audio pin of the cellulartelephone's data connector may be compared to a predetermined level. Ifthe signal level exceeds this predetermined level, an incoming cell callis determined to be present. In an alternative implementation, DSP 22may be responsive to an incoming cell call signal provided viatelephone's data connector over bus 48. If the determination at ST 1104is “NO”, the routine ends. If the determination at ST 1104 is “YES”, theroutine proceeds to ST 1105 where a determination is made as to whetherthe user is on a landline call. If so, the Call Waiting routine (seeFIG. 5K) is entered at ST 1106. If not, the routine rings the telephone,opens first switch 30 and closes third switch 34 (ST 1107). Preferably,the ring at ST 1107 is different than the ring for an incoming landlinecall. This enables the user to know before answering that the incomingcall is a cell call. At ST 1108, the incoming cell call flag is set andthe routine then proceeds to ST 1109. At ST 1109, the routinecontinuously checks whether the incoming call is stopped. If so, theringing of the telephone is stopped at ST 1110 and the cell call on holdflag, the landline on hold flag, the incoming landline call flag or theincoming cell call flag is cleared at ST 1111.

FIG. 5K is a flowchart showing an illustrative Call Waiting routine. AtST 1120, the routine checks whether the user is on a cell call. If so,the routine generates a special call waiting tone (ST 1121), enables theTen Second Timer routine (ST 1122), and sets a call waiting flag (ST1123). Thereafter, the routine ends. The normal call waiting tone is 440Hz. In order to allow the user to determine the type of call waitingwhile he/she is on the telephone, the user will hear a 1500 Hz tone.Hearing this tone, which is significantly different than the normal callwaiting tone, will tell the user that another type of call is waiting.If the user is not on a cell call, the routine closes the hold switch 12at ST 1124 and then opens first switch 30 and closes third switch 34 atST 1125. A special call waiting tone is generated at ST 1126 and the TenSecond Timer routine is enabled at ST 1127. First switch 30 is thenclosed at ST 1128 and hold switch 12 and third switch 34 are opened atST 1129. The call waiting flag is set at ST 1130 and thereafter theroutine ends.

FIG. 5L is a flowchart showing an illustrative Ten Second Timer routine.The routine first checks whether ten seconds have passed at ST 1140. Ifnot, the routine determines whether the call waiting flag is set at ST1141. If so, the routine returns to ST 1140 to determine whether tenseconds have passed. If not, the routine proceeds to ST 1143. If theroutine determines at ST 1140 that ten seconds have passed, a check ismade as to whether the call waiting flag is set at ST 1142. If not, theroutine ends. If so, the routine proceeds to ST 1143 where the timer isdisabled and to ST 1144 where the Call Waiting routine is entered.

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of an example implementation ofinterface circuitry. In this example, the interface circuitry isconfigured to connect the communication device for a wireless call inresponse to the input of a predetermined code (e.g., *32) and otherwiseconnect the communication device for a PSTN call. Communication device102 is an ordinary cord or cordless telephone that may be located in ahome or office. Switch 502 is an electronic switch for connecting anddisconnecting the telephone from the PSTN. Tri-state 503 is anelectronic switch that places the phone line in a high impedance state.Wall jack 504 is a standard RJ11 wall jack found in homes and offices.Network interface 505 is circuitry that interfaces the system to thePSTN. This interface complies with all FCC regulations for attachingelectronic equipment to the PSTN. When the communication device 102 isin use by the user, the network interface 505 places the propervoltages, resistances and impedances on the telephone line of the PSTN.This keeps the telephone available for incoming and outgoing calls. Ringdetector 506 detects incoming calls from the PSTN and provides anincoming call detection signal to the microcontroller 507. Ringgenerator 508 rings the communication device 102 when an incomingcellular call is detected. Microcontroller 507 provides the overallcontrol of the interface circuitry. On/off-hook circuit 509 detects whenthe communication device 102 is on-hook (i.e., not in use) and off-hook(i.e., in use). This circuit sends on-hook and off-hook signals tomicrocontroller 507 as appropriate. DTMF circuit 510 detects and decodesthe buttons pressed by the user on communication device 102 and providesthis information to microcontroller 507. Audio interface 511 selectivelyprovides an audio path between the cellular phone and communicationdevice 102. RF interface 512 contains a very sensitive RF antenna thatis capable of detecting and capturing very weak cellular signals. RFinterface 512 increases the sensitivity/signal range of the cellulartelephone that is connected to the system. Cell phone interface 513connects the cellular telephone to the interface circuitry so thatcalls, data, audio, etc. can be sent to and received from the cellulartelephone. Power distribution system 514 connects to all the elementsshown in FIG. 6. The power distribution system controls, regulates anddistributes power to these elements.

FIGS. 7A-7F are flowcharts illustrating example operations involving theinterface circuitry shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 7A shows example operationsthat occur when the telephone goes into the off-hook state. FIG. 7Bshows example operations that occur at the end of all calls. FIG. 7Cshows example operations that occur when a cell call is received whilethe user is on a landline call. FIGS. 7D and 7E show example operationsthat occur when a landline call is received while the user is on a cellcall. FIG. 7F shows example operations that occur when there is anincoming call. Additional description of these flowcharts is provided inApplication No. 60/394,283, filed Jul. 9, 2002, the contents of whichare incorporated herein in their entirety.

FIG. 8 is a circuit block diagram of another example of interfacecircuitry 106. In this example, interface circuitry 106 does not usehardware switches and the switching is done in software by compresseddigital audio as opposed to the raw analog audio signal. Thefunctionality of the FIG. 8 interface circuitry is the same as that ofthe FIG. 2 interface circuitry; however, the FIG. 8 interface circuitryprovides more robustness. For example, the FIG. 8 interface circuitryconverts all audio to a digital format, which allows the audio signalsto be enhanced using conventional digital signal processing techniques.For example, if the audio to/from line pair 104, communication device102, and/or the cellular phone 108 is unclear or noisy, DSP 122 canremove this unwanted noise from the audio signal. The audio from linepair 104 can be digitized by DAA 136, and the audio from communicationdevice 102 and cellular telephone 108 can be digitized by ringing SLIC120. In the following description, communication device 102 is assumedto be a telephone, although, as noted above, the invention is notlimited in this respect.

The user makes a landline call as follows. First, the user picks up thetelephone (i.e., places the telephone in an off-hook state) and enters apredetermined code for a landline call. The user then dials thetelephone number of the called party. Ringing SLIC 120 detects thenumbers being dialed and sends this information to DSP 122. DSP 122instructs DAA 136 to go off hook, and DAA 136 dials the telephone numberof the called party. If the called party answers, DAA 136 captures,digitizes and compresses the audio from the called party that iscommunicated over landline 104. This compressed digital data iscommunicated DSP 122. DSP 122 can optionally process the compresseddigital data using digital audio techniques such as audio qualityenhancement. DSP 122 sends the digital audio to ringing SLIC 120 via adigital audio data bus 45 (e.g., a PCM serial bus). Although busses 44and 45 are shown separately, they may be provided as a single bus inanother implementation. Ringing SLIC 120 decompresses the audio andconverts the digital signal back into analog audio signals, which arethen supplied to the telephone so that the user can hear them.

Analog audio from the calling party is supplied to ringing SLIC 120,which digitizes and compresses the audio and communicates the digitalaudio signal to DSP 122 over the digital audio path. DSP 122 canoptionally utilize digital audio processing techniques on the digitalaudio to, for example, provide audio enhancement. The digital audiosignal output from DSP 122 is supplied to DAA 136, which decompressesthe audio and converts the digital signal to an analog signal that isthen transmitted to the called party via line pair 104.

To make a cellular call from the telephone, the user follows the stepsdiscussed above with respect to the interface circuitry of FIG. 2A. Callconferencing between cellular and landline calls may be accomplished byconnecting both DAA 136 and cellular phone 108 to ringing SLIC 120simultaneously.

The above-described arrangements also advantageously permit data otherthan audio data to be sent from wireless communication device 108 tocommunication device 102. For example, the names and associatedtelephone numbers that are stored in a cellular telephone phonebook maybe stored into memory (such as memory 42) each time a cellular telephoneis connected to the interface circuitry (e.g., by being placed in cradle214 in FIG. 4). These names and telephone numbers may be stored usingthe Caller ID (CID) protocol and forwarded to a CID-enabledcommunication device 102 for viewing. This protocol is described indocuments such as Calling Identity Delivery On Call-Waiting,TR-NWT-000575; Caller Identification With Call Waiting: Request forInformation From Customer Premises Equipment Suppliers, RFI 91-03; SPCSCustomer Premises Equipment Data Interface, TR-TSY-000030, Bellcore,Issue 1, November 1988; Call Waiting LSSGR, Feature Specific Document(FSD) 01-02-1201, TR-TSY-000522, Issue 2, July 1987, CLASS Calling NameDelivery and Related Features Generic Requirements, TA-NWT-001188, Issue1, Bellcore, March 1991; and CLASS Feature: Calling Number Delivery,TR-TSY-000031, Bellcore, Issue 3, January 1990; and CallerIdentification With Call Waiting: Request for INformation From CustomerPremises Equipment Suppliers, RFI-91-03, April 1991. Each of thesedocuments is incorporated herein by reference. Briefly, caller ID usesthe time interval between the first two rings of the called-partytelephone to transmit information to that telephone. The information isFSK-modulated and includes a preamble followed by data including amessage type, a data count, and data such as month, day, hour, minute,phone number, name, etc. Many new home and office telephones havebuilt-in CID receivers and LCD screens. As described below, by using theCID transmission protocol, the systems and methods described hereinprovide for sending information such as e-mail, text, messages, cellulartelephone directories and the like to communication device 102. Thus, byusing the CID type 1 and/or CID type 2 (CIDCW) protocols, thecommunication systems and methods described herein can send informationto the communication device 102.

By way of illustration, stored telephone numbers in a cellulartelephone's phonebook may be displayed on communication devices such astelephones that have built-in caller-ID LCD screens. This isadvantageous because it enables users of standard landline telephones toretrieve names and telephone numbers stored within their cellulartelephones and then place a cellular or landline call from the standardlandline telephone using these names and telephone numbers. This featuremay be implemented as follows.

Each time a cellular telephone is connected to the interface circuitry,the names and telephone numbers stored in the memory of the cellulartelephone are synchronized with the names and telephone numbers storedin memory 42. Specifically, DSP 22 (122) detects the presence of aconnection to a cellular telephone and sends a command to the cellulartelephone to transfer the contents of its phonebook. DSP 22 (122)updates the phonebook contents in memory 42 (142) based on the contentstransferred from the cellular telephone. These steps are performed eachtime the cellular telephone is connected to the interface circuitry.

To view names and/or telephone numbers that are stored in the cellulartelephone's phonebook, the user picks up the standard landlinetelephone. At this point, the user can do one of four things: (1) make alandline telephone call as described above; (2) make a cellulartelephone call as described above; (3) make a voice-over-IP call asdescribed above, or (4) enter a predetermined code to view the contents(names and telephone numbers) of the cellular telephone's phonebook. Byway of example, the predetermined code for view the phonebook contentsmay be “*7”, although it will be appreciated that the invention is notlimited in this respect.

Ringing SLIC 20 (12) detects the user's inputs and forwards the inputsto DSP 22 (122). If the DSP determines that the user has input thepredetermined code for accessing the phonebook, the DSP retrieves thefirst name and telephone number from the phonebook stored in memory 42(142) and encodes the name and telephone number using the CID protocol.DSP 22 (122) then instructs ringing SLIC 20 (120) to send an alert toneto the CID receiver within the user's communication device 102. Uponreceiving an acknowledge tone from the CID receiver via ringing SLIC 20(120), DSP 22 (122) forwards the CID packet (name and telephone number)to ringing SLIC 20 (120). Ringing SLIC 20 (120) then transmits the CIDinformation to the CID-enabled communication device 102, which thendisplays the name and telephone number on display 210. At this point,the user has a number of options. First, the user can press apredetermined code to dial the telephone number that is displayed. Whilein the cellular phonebook mode, the user can press one predeterminedcode (e.g., “*”) to place the call via cellular phone 108 or anotherpredetermined code (e.g., “#”) to place the call using the landline.Second, the user can press a predetermined code to end the phonebookmode. Third, the user can press a predetermined code to go to the nextname in the phonebook. Fourth, the user can press a predetermined codeto go to the previous name in the phonebook. Fifth, the user can pressone of the numbers 2 through 9 to jump to the first name that beginswith the first letter corresponding to the number. For example, pressing“6” would jump to the first name beginning with “M” in the phonebook.Pressing “6” again would result in the display of the first namebeginning with “N”, while pressing “6” yet again would result in thedisplay of the first name beginning with “O”.

By utilizing the CID protocol, text messages from any source can betransmitted to a CID enabled home telephone. An example of this is asfollows. Because the system has the capability to retrieve data from theinternet, a user may retrieve stock quotes via the internet to their CIDenabled telephone. To enable the stock quote system, the user presses apredetermined code (e.g., “*78”) and the corresponding key whichrepresents the ticket symbol for the stock they are interested in. DSP22 and DAA 36 are configured to access a web site having the desiredinformation. For example if the user wants to get a quote for AmericaOnline (AOL). The user will press the “2” button once (which representsthe letter A), and the “6” button three times (which represents O), andfinally the “5” button 3 times (which represents L). The user thenpresses the # button. Although the user will see the letters “AOL” onthe screen, internally DSP 22 (122) will recognize the following numbersequence (i.e., 2666777#). The system will retrieve the stock quote fromthe internet and transmit the quote to the telephone using the CIDprotocol.

While a user is on a call, communication device 102 may display indiciaindicating the call type (e.g., whether the user is currently on alandline call or on a wireless call). In one example implementation, DSP22 may forward text to the communication device using the CID protocol.If the user is on a landline call, the text may be “landline” or “PSTN”or some other text for informing a user that he or she is currently on alandline call. If the user is on a wireless call, the text may be “cell”or “wireless” or some other text for informing the user that he or sheis currently on a wireless call. In addition, communication device 102may display indicia indicating call status (e.g., dialing, connecting,busy, etc.). Like the call type indicia, the call status indicia may beprovided to communication device 102 as text from DSP 22 using the CIDprotocol. Still further, user instructions may be provided on thedisplay of communication device 102. For example, when the communicationdevice goes off-hook, instructions like “press # to make a landlinecall” and/or “enter number followed by # to make wireless call” may bedisplayed to guide the user. When the user is on a call and there is anincoming call, an instruction like “press flash to connect to incomingcall” may be displayed. It will be readily apparent that moresophisticated indicia such as images or graphics are possible. Forexample, communication device 102 (e.g., handset 202) may be providedwith on-board memory for storing images, graphics and even audio andvideo for displaying call type data, call status data and/or userinstructions. The appropriate data may be read out from the memory inresponse to instructions from DSP 22.

In another example embodiment, base unit 204 of FIG. 4 may be providedwith its own display (not shown). The display may be used to provide thecall type data, call status data and/or user instructions discussedabove (in textual, graphic, image, and/or video form, for example).These displays may be based on data stored in memory 42. In addition,the display may be used to display any other data (including video,images, and graphics) stored in memory 42 or obtained from the landlineor the wireless communication network. Audio corresponding to the videomay be output via the base unit's speaker.

In still further arrangements, DSP 22 (122) may be programmed torecognize the wireless communication device that is placed in the cradleusing, for example, an identifier associated with the device.Alternatively, the owner of the device may input a predetermined codeusing a keypad of the device to identify the device. In this case, DSP22 (122) may maintain data for that device in an area of memory 42(142). Thus, for each of a plurality of different devices, memory 42(142) may contain, for example, a telephone directory (names andnumbers) for that device. Thus, a user of the communication device 102may be provided a display of telephone numbers that correspond to thedevice currently in the cradle. In addition, the user may input namesand telephone numbers for the directory using communication device 102.Memory 42 (142) may also maintain preferences for each differentwireless device connected to the cradle. For example, each wirelesscommunication device may have a list of do not accept call numbers orrestricted calling times.

The above-described example embodiments enable cellular phone-users toreceive and place cellular phone calls using their standard home and/oroffice telephones and bypass the local telephone company. In addition, ahigh-gain (e.g., 6 dB) directional wireless antenna may be provided thatallows users to place and make their wireless calls in areas where thewireless reception is very weak such as homes and offices. Thishigh-gain cellular antenna permits is particularly advantageous to thosewireless users who are not able to use their wireless devices at homeduring the times when long distance calls are promised to be free or atreduced rates (i.e., nights and weekends).

The above-described embodiments do not require users to have multipleline telephones installed in their homes and/or offices andcommunication devices that are connected to the interface circuitry canstill be used to place and receive regular land-line calls. Theseembodiments also provide built-in call waiting for both wireless andregular landline calls. While users are on a regular landline call, anyincoming wireless call will produce a call waiting tone and the reverseis true when a user is on a wireless call. The embodiments allow usersto receive and/or place all calls through both wireless and landlinetelephones that are connected to the interface circuitry. The wirelesstelephone charges while in the cradle.

The above example embodiments show a landline communication deviceconnected via interface circuitry to a single cellular telephone.However, the invention is not limited in this respect and the landlinecommunication device may be connected to two or more devices thatprovide access to different communication networks. For example, thearrangement shown in FIG. 4 may be modified to provide cradles for botha cellular telephone and a satellite telephone. In this case theinterface circuitry may be configured to permit cellular calls to bemade by entering one predetermined code into the landline communicationdevice and to permit satellite calls to be made by entering anotherdifferent predetermined code into the landline communication device. TheFIG. 4 arrangement may also be modified to provide cradles for two ormore cellular telephones and/or two or more satellite telephones. Thismay be useful for households or offices having two or more persons eachof whom has his/her own cellular or satellite telephone. Each person maybe assigned a different predetermined code so that the interfacecircuitry can access his/her cellular telephone to place calls.

The systems and methods described herein can even be used in the eventthat the interface circuitry is not connected to a line pair for thePSTN. This might be the case, for example, in areas or regions wherethere is no access to the PSTN. In such areas and regions, wirelesscommunication over a cellular network, for example, may be the primarymethod for telecommunication. If the interface circuitry describedherein is used in this situation, users may still place and receivecellular calls using a conventional landline telephone, even though theinterface circuitry is not connected to a line pair for the PSTN.Because of the limited talking time on wireless telephones due tolimited battery life, heating up of the device, or poor ergonomics, thesystems and methods described herein allow the user to extend his/hertalking time.

While the invention has been described in connection with certainembodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to belimited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended tocover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included withinthe spirit and scope of the appended claims.

1. A communication system comprising: a communication device; andinterface circuitry connected to a single ring-tip line pair of alandline communication network and to a wireless communication devicefor a wireless communication network, wherein the interface circuitryselectively connects the communication device to the ring-tip line pairfor landline and internet calls and to the wireless communication devicefor wireless calls.
 2. The communication system according to claim 1,wherein the interface circuitry determines whether to place a landline,internet or wireless call in response to a user input.
 3. Acommunication system comprising: a communication device having adisplay; and interface circuitry connected to a ring-tip line pair of alandline telephone network and to a wireless communication device for awireless communication network, the interface circuitry selectivelyconnecting the communication device to the ring-tip line pair forlandline calls and to the wireless communication device for wirelesscalls, wherein the display of the communication device displays indiciaindicative of whether the communication device is currently engaged inlandline or wireless call.
 4. The communication system according toclaim 3, wherein the display further displays user instructions.
 5. Thecommunication system according to claim 3, wherein the display furtherdisplays call status indicia.
 6. A method comprising: selectivelyconnecting a communication device to a ring-tip line pair of a landlinecommunication network for landline calls and to a wireless communicationdevice for a wireless communication network for wireless calls; anddisplaying indicia to the user indicative of whether the communicationdevice is currently engaged in landline or wireless call.
 7. The methodaccording to claim 6, wherein the indicia is displayed on a display ofthe communication device.
 8. A storage medium storingcomputer-executable instructions for performing the steps set forth inclaim 6.